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FCC‑μe proposes a simultaneous high‑energy muon–electron collider and neutrino factory at CERN’s future circular collider

November 12, 2026arXiv: 2610.40451v1

A new study shows that the FCC‑ee facility could host in parallel a muon–electron collider, FCC‑μe, operating between 1 and 2 TeV centre‑of‑mass energy with a total average luminosity exceeding 10^34 cm⁻² s⁻¹—far above the expectations for an electron–positron ring alone. The design capitalises on an ultra‑cold anti‑muon source, two linear accelerators borrowed from the LHeC programme, and a large muon storage ring that can reach 1–5 TeV energy. The anti‑muons would collide head‑on with the FCC‑ee electron beam, producing a clear headline of a new experimental platform. [visual_1]

Schematic diagram of the FCC–µe collider layout
Figure 1. Layout of the FCC–µe complex showing the ultra‑cold anti‑muon source, two‑linac booster, and 1–5 TeV muon storage ring colliding head‑on with FCC‑ee electrons.Piotrzkowski, K. · arXiv:2610.40451v1 · Figure 1: · CC BY 4.0

The layout follows the μTRISTAN proposal, modified with recent advances from the LHeC. In practice, a 2‑TeV anti‑muon beam directs into a 120 GeV electron beam at the chosen interaction point, achieving a peak luminosity of 3.2 × 10³⁴ cm⁻² s⁻¹ and a collision rate of 1 MHz. The muon and electron beams arrive with equal emittances, giving a highly focused interaction region: horizontal and vertical rms widths of 4 µm and 0.6 µm respectively. This precision is illustrated in the experimental parameters table. The ring circumference is roughly 6 km for the 2‑TeV ring and 9 km for the two‑linac booster, making the overall complex a substantial addition to the existing infrastructure. [visual_2]

Table listing FCC–µe example parameters, including centre‑of‑mass energy, luminosity, collision rate and beam sizes
FCC-μ​e parameterValue
Center-of-mass energy, s [TeV]0.98
Peak luminosity [1034 cm-2s-1]3.2
Collision rate [MHz]1
Beam parameterse−μ+
RMS beam size at IP, σx​(σy) [μm]4 (0.6)4 (0.6)
βx∗​(βy∗) [mm]10 (160)tbd.
Bunch population [1011]1.70.56
Table 1. Example FCC‑µe operating parameters for 2 TeV anti‑muons on 120 GeV electrons – peak luminosity 3.2×10³⁴ cm⁻² s⁻¹, 1 MHz collision rate, rms beam sizes 4 µm (σₓ) and 0.6 µm (σᵧ).Piotrzkowski, K. · arXiv:2610.40451v1 · Table 1: · CC BY 4.0

Operationally, the detector must control a wide beam pipe (≈2 cm radius) and a dedicated “nozzle” of shielding on the muon side. The nozzle protects the central detector from high‑energy positrons generated when muons downstream of the collision point decay. Consequently, detector acceptance near the beam line is reduced, a trade‑off that will need careful optimisation when designing the experiment.

Beyond collider physics, the muon storage ring would feed a powerful neutrino beam. The muon decays in the ring produce an intense neutrino flux, offering unique opportunities for neutrino science in Europe. The system remains compatible with the FCC‑ee programme; if the electron‑positron collider starts at lower energies (e.g., a Z‑pole run), the FCC‑μe complex could finish commissioning during that period, allowing a staged build‑out.

The planned parameters assume a conservative anti‑muon production efficiency (about 10 % of the ultimate μTRISTAN yield) and a 4 MW proton driver. With these assumptions, the FCC‑μe reaches luminosities comparable to other proposed muon colliders while operating at a lower centre‑of‑mass energy, making it a compelling next‑step complement to the FCC‑ee programme.

Source paper

FCC-μe: High Energy, High Luminosity Muon-Electron Collider & Neutrino Factory at CERN

High Energy Physics - ExperimentHigh Energy Physics - PhenomenologyPhysics
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